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The private sector has long been used to undertake road construction and minor repairs. However, over recent decades, there has been some experimentation with new contracting models, which transfer some of the risk for maintaining the quality of the road surface to private companies.
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| Privately Financed Roads in Britain: A Policy Assessment |
| Bain, Robert, 2009 |
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A comprehensive study of the performance of the UK Private Finance Initiative as applied to the roads sector. It explores project risk, both in construction and then traffic, and examines the economic and financial performance. |
| ISBN 978-0-9561527-0-1 |
| UK |
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| Maintaining the State Road Network (PDF) |
| Western Australian Auditor General, 2009 |
| Office of the Auditor General |
This report looks back on ten years of contracting road maintenance in WA. The expected results of this unprecedented step have not been realised. This report explains why: major capital projects are complex, demanding focus in the long term. It provides a series of lessons for the next round of contracts. |
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| Australia |
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| Towards better transport: Funding new infrastructure with future road pricing revenue (PDF) |
| Wellings, Richard; Libson, Briar; Hartwich, Oliver Marc (ed.), 2008 |
| Policy Exchange |
Starting from the premise that transport infrastructure in the UK is highly deficient and urgently in need of renewal and expansion, and that there are insufficient funds available from the Treasury, this report examines one possible solution to financing transport development by combining road pricing, the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and solid institutional and fiscal frameworks.
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| UK |
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| Contracting for Road and Highway Maintenance (PDF) |
| Segal, Geoffrey F.; Moore, Adrian T. and McCarthy, Samuel , 2003 |
| How-to-Guide No.21, Reason Foundation |
| A report on the lessons learned and best practice achieved by city, county and state governments in outsourcing road maintenance so as to reduce costs and improve quality. |
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| USA |
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| Public Private Partnerships in Toll Roads in PRC (PDF) |
| Wood, W.G., 2002 |
| Paper prepared for the PPIAF/ADB Conference on Infrastructure Development - Private Solutions for the Poor: The Asian Perspective, Manila, 28-30 October |
| A report looking at the legal and financial background for private sector investment in toll roads in the eastern provinces of the People's Republic of China and the implications for the poor. |
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| Philippines |
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| A New Approach to Private Roads (PDF) |
| Engel, Eduardo; Fischer, Ronald and Galetovic, Alexander, 2002 |
| The Cato Review of Business and Government 25 (3), Fall |
| A report arguing that states can attract more effective private interest in highways, through the use of an innovative method for awarding franchise rights. |
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| USA |
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| Road Infrastructure Concession Practice in Europe (PDF) |
| Fayard, Alain and Bousquet, Franck, 2001 |
| World Bank Working Paper |
| A study comparing and contrasting road infrastructure concession practices in Europe. Chief among the main differences highlighted by the document are the degree of risk sharing between the authority and the private sector, toll setting formulas; and concession company selection criteria. |
| WPS2675 |
| International |
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| An Organizational Analysis of the Public-Private Partnership in the Provision of Public Infrastructure |
| Daniels, Ronald J. & Trebilcock, Michael , 2000 |
| Pauline Vaillancourt Rosenau (ed), Public-Private Policy Partnerships, Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press |
| Brief case studies on the 407 Express Route in Ontario, Confederation Bridge between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island and Toronto's Pearson International Airport |
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| Canada |
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| Transportation: Policy-Level Partnerships and Project-Based Partnerships |
| Dunn, James A. Jr , 2000 |
| Pauline Vaillancourt Rosenau (ed), Public-Private Policy Partnerships, Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2000 |
| A study of the impact of public-private partnerships in the development of transport infrastructure. The author describes some scenarios in which such policies have been undertaken and analyses their outcomes. |
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| Canada |
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| Road Construction in Victoria: Major Projects Managed by VicRoads (Web Page) |
| Victorian Auditor General's Office, 1999 |
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| A summary of the results extracted from a performance audit which examined the manner in which Victoria's key road authority, VicRoads, managed major road construction projects within its jurisdiction. The report concludes that road construction projects are managed appropriately by the authority through the commitment to guarantee that roads of an acceptable quality are constructed efficiently and the State's interests in contractual arrangements are adequately protected. |
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| Australia |
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| The Private Finance Initiative: The First Four Design, Build, Finance and Operate Roads Contracts |
| National Audit Office (NAO), 1998 |
| The Stationery Office |
| A report on the value for money of the first four PFI roads contracts in the UK. |
| ISBN: 0102847983 |
| UK |
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| Road Maintenance by Contract: What Are the Risks and Benefits? |
| Austroads Inc. & ARRB Transport Research Ltd, 1998 |
| Proceedings of the Austroads Workshops held throughout Australia and New Zealand |
| A summary of the findings of workshops conducted to report on the various approaches to Maintenance By Contract and their advantages and disadvantages. |
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| Australia / New Zealand |
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| The Skye Bridge (Recommendations only) (Web Page) |
| National Audit Office, 1997 |
| The Stationery Office |
| A report assessing the PFI project to build a bridge connecting mainland Scotland with the Isle of Sky and the operation of a toll charge by the private sector investors. The report provides some useful recommendations for future privately financed projects such as the need for departments to carry out, and document, a comprehensive analysis of all important risks to the project, showing which party or parties will bear them. |
| HC 5 |
| UK |
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| A Case Study on the First Eight DBFO Road Contracts and their Development (Web Page) |
| Private Finance Panel Executive and Highways Agency, 1996 |
| Office of Government Commerce, Department of Transport |
| Study that concludes that DBFO contracts have accelerated the introduction of cost efficiencies, innovative techniques and whole-life cost analysis into the design and construction of road schemes and the operation of roads.
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| UK |
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| Measured Partnering: The Only Way to Know Whether you are Succeeding |
| M41 Case Study Project No. 20, 2000 |
| Constructing Excellence |
| Constructing Excellence aims to deliver improved industry performance resulting in a demonstrably better built environment. This case study provides guidelines on performance-measurement in partnerships in this sector. |
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| UK |
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| Highways Agency: The Bridge Programme |
| National Audit Office (NAO), 1996 |
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| A NAO report evaluating he Highways Agency's management of the £2.2 billion, fifteen year bridge programme. The report highlights the need to improve the use of performance indicators to determine whether the bridge programme as a whole is being delivered to time, cost and quality as well as the necessity of monitor costs more closely min order to determine the reasons for significant differences. |
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| UK |
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| Revolutionising Road Maintenance: A Case Study |
| Dixon, Rebecca & Jensen, Paul, 1995 |
| The Contracting Casebook, Domberger, Simon & Hall, Christine (eds), Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, pp.155-167 |
| A case study on a pilot project which allowed comparison of public and private delivery of road maintenance on arterial roads around Sydney. |
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| Australia |
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| Private Participation in the Provision of Public Infrastructure: The Roads and Traffic Authority |
| Auditor General of New South Wales, 1994 |
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| An analysis of the Sydney Harbour Tunnel and M4 & M5 tollways. Report to NSW Parliament. |
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| Australia |
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| Department of Transport: Environmental Factors in Road Planning and Design |
| National Audit Office (NAO), 1994 |
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| A report that examines the measures adopted in order to develop an effective transport system while achieving a balance between conservation and improvement of the environment. |
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| UK |
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| A Case Study in Competitive Tendering and its Implementation: Australia |
| Rimmer, S., 1991 |
| Privatisation and Public Enterprise: The Asia-Pacific Experience, G. Gouri (ed), Asian and Pacific Development Centre and the Institute of Public Enterprise, Hyderabad, Chapter 22 |
| An overview of the outcomes and lessons learned from the competitive tendering of road sealing, mechanical street sweeping and municipal tipping facilities in Glenorchy, a small Tasmanian city. |
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| Australia |
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